News reel: Economic Meltdown p3 – Commodities

Click on article titles to access the full copy from parents websites


Gold Little Changed in Asia as Dollar Steady Before ECB Meeting – Bloomberg LP - Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Gold traded little changed in Asia as the dollar steadied before a European Central Bank meeting where interest rates are widely expected to be cut by at least half a percentage point. Platinum declined.


Resources downturn trips up contractors – The Australian – Jan 16, 2009

MINING companies slashing costs and cutting production as they struggle to cope with the global financial crisis is driving down revenue in Australia's engineering, contracting and services sectors.

Although analysts believe that the diminished income and the prospect of further contract cancellations are already being incorporated into share prices, they said the full impact had not yet been incorporated.


Metal meltdown rocks global miner Rio Tinto – The Australian – Jan 16, 2009

RIO Tinto continues to be battered by the global slowdown, with fourth-quarter iron ore sales falling 31 per cent.

Slumping metal prices are set to wipe more than $US500 million ($758 million) from the miner's bottom line and more aluminium production cuts have been flagged.


Under new management, miner ready to tackle debt – The Australian – Jan 16, 2009

RIO Tinto's board has shown it is serious about its turnaround by dumping chairman Paul Skinner 11 months ahead of plan. And yesterday's 18 per cent fall in iron ore production underlined the magnitude of the cutbacks ahead.

Rio's fourth-quarter production report is, of course, just a warm-up to the real event on February 12, when its half-year profits are released.


Oil Falls Below $34 After OPEC Reduces 2009 Demand Forecast – Bloomberg – Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Crude oil fell below $34 a barrel after OPEC said that demand for its crude will decline 4.2 percent this year as the recession in the U.S., Europe and Japan curbs fuel use.


Natural Gas Falls After U.S. Supplies Drop Less Than Forecast – Bloomberg – Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Natural gas fell to the lowest in more than two years in New York as government reports today on gas stockpiles, producer prices and manufacturing pointed to slower demand as the U.S. recession deepens.

Stockpiles declined 94 billion cubic feet last week, less than the 102 billion analysts expected, an Energy Department report showed. Prices paid to producers in the U.S. dropped for the fifth straight month and manufacturing in the New York and Philadelphia areas shrank. Slowing demand from factories and power plants has helped send gas down 15 percent this month.


Copper Prices Drop for Second Day in N.Y. as Stockpiles Rise – Bloomberg – Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Copper futures fell for a second straight day as climbing inventories signaled global output of the metal is exceeding demand.

Stockpiles monitored by the London Metal Exchange climbed 1.4 percent to 387,325 metric tons today and have jumped 14 percent this month after surging 72 percent last year. Before today, copper prices plunged 65 percent from a record in May as slumping global growth slashed demand for the metal used in pipes and wires.


Soybeans Prices Jump on Adverse Weather in Argentina, Brazil – Bloomberg – Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Soybeans prices jumped on signs that demand for U.S. supplies will increase as adverse weather damages crops in Argentina, the world’s biggest exporter of vegetable oil and animal feed made from the oilseed.


Australia Expects ‘Significant’ Drop in Coal, Iron Ore Prices – Bloomberg – Jan 15, 2009

Jan. 15 (Bloomberg) -- Export prices for coal and iron ore from Australia, the world’s biggest shipper of the raw materials, may drop significantly this year as slowing industrial growth curbs demand, the nation’s central bank said.

Commodities in focus: Sector outlook

Gold -- To hold gold or not to hold gold...? That is the question.

Gold is a funny metal in the commodity family. Despite its functional use in areas such as filling cavities, gold is also a very fickle metal in the sense that a variety of other macro-conditions ultimately play a big role in determining the price of gold.

The price of gold has held up reasonably well, remaining in the $800/t oz. Range despite a short dip into the $700's/t oz in October and November. Reasons to favor gold right now come predominantly in the form of using it as a hedge against future depreciation of the US dollar vs. the Euro and other major currencies. With all the money the US Government is printing and spending, plus historically low interest rates, most analysts estimate that the currency will weaken in the coming quarters.

Kitco - 6 month gold spot

On the other side of the equation, demand is falling from major consumers like India. Second, if stock markets do witness a sharp rebound, investors may have reason to turn away from gold and return to stocks which are at historical valuations. Chandrashekhar of the Hindu Business Line, a Indian news site says “In the short-term it could come under pressure amid a deflationary environment or during bouts of dollar strength.”


Base Metals – Copper futures jump 5% limit in Shanghai trading, but outlook still remains dim

Li Rong, chief analyst at Great Wall Futures in Shanghai told Bloomberg (in this article), “Chinese consumers took advantage of lower overseas prices to stock up ahead of the Chinese New Year.”

Chandrashekhar had the following to say about base metals.

In case of copper, market fundamentals, especially the demand side continues to deteriorate. This metal may have the furthest downside potential from current levels. According to experts, copper prices are still above production costs and miners still make money. Therefore, there would likely be cost-related cutbacks in production. On the other hand, aluminum, zinc and nickel prices have all fallen very close to weighted average production costs. There is growing risk that copper could dip near to this level at $2,100/t (click here to access the full article from the Hindu Business Line).


Crude Oil / Energy -- Bounce back?

At the moment the financial crisis and the recent political tensions in the Middle-East and Eurasia (Russia) have created a sense that oil prices may have come too low. Additionally OPEC has just announced large production cuts will be hitting the markets in the coming months to bolster oil prices.

When the global crisis appears to have been brought under control and demand returns to markets, the price of a barrel of crude may well spike back above $50 a barrel. Further dollar deterioration and escalation of political tensions may also contribute to higher prices.

Commodities in focus -- Copper rises in London trading as China begins to stockpile raw materials

The commodity sector has been hit hard by the global economic crisis, especially in terms of the speed of its decline. For much of 2008 as other equities faltered, shares of commodity and energy stocks seemed immune, many times leading the major US indices into the green despite poor performance in other sectors.

When markets began to tank between September – November this all changed. Year to date (2008), oil is down around 60%, copper 50%, natural gas 20%, etc. As commodities plummeted miners profits shrank, exploration slowed, new mining projects became unfeasible in light of depressed prices and speculators who had been relying on energy and raw materials as a safe investment or inflation hedge withdrew their money.

If the stimulus packages being enacted by governments around the world successfully help to re-invigorate the global financial system and we see a recovery in confidence and economic activity the recession may end sooner than expected. If this happens commodity demand will once again explode, especially considering how so many producers and explorers have scaled back their operations.

China is not oblivious to this. Much like China's logic behind securing resources in Africa to avoid supply disruptions, China is now concerned about supply disruptions that may occur if demand picks up.

Bloomberg and Reuters reported this morning that China's Reserve Bureau, the country's stockpiling agency, is buying aluminum. Analysts seem to think (and I agree in this situation) that if they are buying up aluminum at cheap prices, they will do the same for other metals.

“Aluminum inventory in warehouses monitored by the Shanghai Futures Exchange declined 18% in the past week, the largest decline since April 2007, figures from the exchange today showed. China’s Ministry of Land and Resources said two days ago the country would build emergency stockpiles of copper and other items to guard against potential supply disruptions.”

(click here to access the full article from Bloomberg, republished by the Mining Journal)

China is smart to do this, with the country's massive foreign reserves and depressed commodity prices it makes sense for them to stockpile the resources they need to ensure their development. China is worried about its slowing economy because of the potential for political unrest in bad economic times.

Considering the fact China continued to purchase commodities when they where selling at their recent historical highs, it must feel like shopping at a giant fire sale for the Chinese who can now scoop up a huge stockpile of raw materials and energy for depressed prices.

China goes shopping for commodities

If you have kept up to date as I try to do with China's oversea investments in the commodity and energy sectors you're probably aware of the fact China has been shopping for commodities in emerging markets.

Africa and to a lesser extent South America where the main benefactors of China's spending spree from 2000-2008. The two continents are home to abundant supplies of natural resources China needs to sustain economic growth. The two continents are also home to various countries that are hungry for foreign direct investment in their commodity sectors which until recent had been the main fuel behind their respective economics booms.


China also had a edge up on their western counterparts in many of these countries. Some countries in Africa and South America intimidate traditional western investors due to political instability. Others have such a horrendous human rights record that many western firms are morally inclined not work in them.

With the global slow down in full swing, cash rich Chinese companies and investment groups now find themselves in a different position. Frozen credit markets, plummeting commodity prices, depressed stock market prices and a cloudy horizon in the future have led many mining companies from developed countries to search for long-term investors with the capital to keep their operations running until the global economy improves.

China has shifted its attention away from Africa, instead focusing on possible investment opportunities in Canada, Australia and South America. Keith Spence, president of Global Mining Corp, a China-focused resource investment company was quoted in a great piece published in the Financial Times yesterday.

"The Chinese realize there are massive opportunities in the market. A year ago, they were going to Africa to acquire early-stage development assets. But now they are looking for larger tonnage, longer life, later-stage assets. There is less of an emphasis on emerging markets, because now there is choice."

Last month China's largest zinc producer, Zhongjin purchased 50.1% of Australian zinc miner Perilya for $32 million usd. Chinalco, a Chinese aluminum company has suggested it may increase its stake in Rio Tinto to nearly 15%.

(click here to access the full article on this topic from the Financial Times)

I must say it is interesting to see that although China finds itself in a more lucrative buying position that it has not shunned South America. Evidence to suggest the Chinese may perceive South America as more than simply another commodity rich area in which to extract untapped resources.

Rather it may be that South America has come to represent a region that has well developed assets, worthy of purchasing for the long-term. China is forging much closer ties with fellow APEC members Chile and Peru. China is quickly working with Peru to finalize a Free Trade Agreement and already has one with Chile. China is increasing its investment in agricultural commodities in Brazil and Argentina and hopes to continue easing visa restrictions for many of its citizens on travel to the region.

Below I've included a chart of Chinese investments / cooperation with Latin American countries. I assembled this chart about 6 months ago for my independent study / thesis. If you know of any other instances of Sino-Latin America interaction please by all means let me know and I'll update this chart.

China: What's going down “east-side?”

With the world economy faltering, recovering, crashing, entering crisis, deflating, **input whatever other term you've been reading** many are hoping China will some how cushion the global down turn. Lets consider this from both ends of the spectrum.

There's one side of analysts, experts, observers, etc who believe the Chinese economy as the largest contributor to global GDP growth the past few years is in a position in which it can help the global economy move through this economic depression. Then there's the other side that inexorably links the Chinese economy to rich country demand for their cheap exports... which is decreasing at an alarming rate according to the figures.

From the perspective of a young economist who is currently living in Suzhou, China the truth lies somewhere in the middle. Before you (the readers) close this page and assume that's the obvious answer hear me out. It's not that simple...

From the window of the pizza place, which offers me high speed internet where I am currently writing this post from I see the following.

Fireworks exploding in the distance to celebrate the grand opening of something big. I don't know for what, but if i've learned anything from the past few months of living in Suzhou, a show of this caliber means the following: the government is celebrating some major achievement, a big night club has something to brag about, or perhaps a shopping center or a residential complex is opening its doors. Fireworks are a usual tactic employed as way to dazzle the populous, attract business and of course... to ward of bad spirits (which is what the tradition of exploding fireworks in China is traditionally for).

I can also see various cranes in the distance, where workers are building various new structures six days a week. These include 15-20 floor apartment complexes, 20-45 floor office buildings and other structures which I would guess will have something to do with the government.

The third thing I can see, which is worthy of mention is a giant fenced off whole in the ground which blocks the pedestrians view of the construction work underway for a new subway system set to open in 2010.

These points support the first side of the story. The Chinese economy, on the domestic front is going to keep growing even if the rich countries of the world slide even further into recession. A “Pandora's Box” of sorts has been opened here in China. The opening of the Chinese economy, the robust growth of the past two decades, the massive migration of hundreds of million of rural residents to urban centers, massive inflows of FDI and a variety of other factors have created a situation where the central government must needs to either facilitate to the best of its ability or risk imploding from within.

The recent decrease in commodity prices will only help China keep its modernization / urbanization/ domestic growth (whatever you want to call it) going. Six months ago, I was analyzing how demand was so strong in China that it mattered little in the long run how high the prices of commodities went, because in the end the Chinese would not abandon their aspirations to well... keep growing. From this perspective, plummeting commodity prices (much to the detriment of my senior thesis in which I predicted they would keep rising) is a blessing in disguise.

China's recent $586 billion stimulus package and the record slashing of Chinese interest rates is an effort by the government to keep this going. Infrastructure, housing and all that jazz will continue. This means jobs and therefore continued consumption by consumers. This also means China will keep buying the commodity inputs they need to build. So, to conclude this side of the story, this means China will continue to grow.

However, and now here comes the “dark side.” Even the two trillion plus dollars in foreign reservers Beijing claims will finance all of this, can not and will keep this going indefinitely. The money will run out, or more likely simply start to no longer be worth spending if the rest of the world, particularly the rich world doesn't get out of this global economic crisis.

Living in the wealthy Jiangsu province, home to the city I live in (Suzhou), Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou (VERY wealthy cities), and various government projects I'd call the crown jewels of the governments efforts at modernization it is hard to imagine what the rest of the country is like from time to time. Due to the lack of internet and the lack of available information I havn't exactly been up to date on certain things.

For instance, in todays news alone, Bloomberg reported the following:

1 – Aluminum slumps by limit in Shanghai on Production Speculation
2 – Baosteel (China's biggest steel-maker) faces “most difficult” period in 30 years on Crisis
4 – China's small businesses face “tough winter,” more closures

“Small companies face a “tough winter,” said Li, whose organization claimed 76,000 members in the first half of this year. Two-thirds of China's small toy makers closed in the first nine months, according to customs data."

So in conclusion... as I stated above, the truth lies somewhere in the middle. If the rich countries of the world don't start buying again, China will stop growing as fast as it has been.  That is just how it is.  A large portion of the Chinese economy is still heavily depended on exports, and if that disappears it doesn't matter what happens on the domestic front. 

China will have to face the facts.  The effects will be catastrophic and horribly de-stabilizing. Which is why China is going to try to do everything in its power to present such a catastrophe from occurring, and if that means helping out more to revive the global economy I think China will assume a more active leadership role.  So far it seems they have.  How far they will go will only be seen in the months to come.

It's anyone guessing game at this point. Lets see where the next few months lead.  

Aluminum price closes at US$1.48/lb on the London Metals Exchange (LME)

Aluminum prices are soaring... That is obvious. What is interesting is that despite a near 40% rise since the beginning of 2008, record high energy costs, a ever worsening credit / mortgage crisis, a sinking US$ both the aggregate demand and supply of aluminum remain strong.

Aluminum is a relatively labor and energy intensive metal to produce in a pure form which is suitable for use in relatively complex industry and production lines. Record high energy prices of recent have made it so that Aluminum is naturally more expensive to produce.

Second, global efforts (if you go as far to call it an "effort) to combat climate change has also caused the price of producing aluminum to rise. Aluminum producers must account for any damaging effects production causes and either.

Last, and arguably the most significant is the seemingly insatiable demand stemming from the developing world, which despite a 40% rise in the price of Aluminum this year, demand has only continued to increase.

A little outdated perhaps, the chart below indicates by 2005 China's aluminum consumption had grown to represent roughly 23% of global demand, surpassing the United States.


The nice pie chart below breaks down global production of aluminum. The BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) alone in 2006 accounted for 45% of total aluminum production. Developing countries have emerged as a signifcant force on both the supply and demand sides of aluminum trade.



It is no wonder, even with record high prices there appears to be little reasons to believe in a price correction or slow down in demand in the near or long term.

Click here to read Business News America's article on rising aluminum prices.